The was an

electric multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...

(EMU) train introduced experimentally from 2007 on commuter services on the

Keiyo Line :''Keiyo may also refer to Keiyo, a district in Kenya, ''Keiyo Line'' a railway line in Japan or Elgeyo escarpment'' The Elgeyo (also known as Keiyo) are an ethnic group who are part of the larger Kalenjin ethnic group of Nilotic origin. They ...

in Japan operated by

East Japan Railway Company The is a major passenger railway company in Japan and is the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters are ...

(JR East). Only one trainset was built, and it differed significantly from other JR commuter EMUs in having

articulated An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent pivot joint in its construction, allowing it to turn more sharply. There are many kinds, from heavy equipment to buses, trams and trains. Steam locomotives were sometim ...

cars with shared bogies and using

direct-drive A direct-drive mechanism is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train o ...

motors.

Bogies

The 14-car set was mounted on a total of 16

bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...

s: four TR257 trailer bogies (cars 1, 7, 8, 14), six TR258 shared trailer bogies, and six DT73 shared motor bogies. File:E331 TR257 car 8 Kunitachi 20140325.JPG, TR257 trailer bogie File:E331 TR258 Kunitachi 20140325.JPG, TR258 shared trailer bogie File:E331 DT73 Kunitachi 20140325.JPG, DT73 shared motor bogie

Formation

The lone set, AK1, consisted of two 7-car half-sets, and is formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tokyo end. E331 Omiya 20061114

* Cars 3 and 10 (SaHa E331-502 and SaHa E331-501) were each fitted with one PS37 single-arm

pantograph A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line dr ...

. * Cars 1 and 14 seated 36 when the seats are configured in transverse mode.

Interior

Cars 2 to 13 had longitudinal seating, while the end cars 1 and 14 had transverse seating bays which could be rotated and rearranged longitudinally against the train sides to provide increased standing space during peak hours. File:E331 interior 20070318 (1).jpg, General interior view File:E331 interior 20070318 (2).jpg, 5-person bench seat File:L25 TcE330-seat.jpg, Transverse seating bay in car 1 File:E331-VIS.JPG, LCD passenger information display

History

Incorporating new technology tested on the earlier experimental

E993 series The "AC Train" was an experimental 5-car electric multiple unit (EMU) train operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan between 2002 and 2006. Concept The E993 series "AC Train" ("Advanced Commuter Train") was developed by JR Eas ...

"AC Train", the E331 series was delivered to JR East in March 2006. Cars 1 to 7 were built by

Tokyu Car Corporation Tokyu may refer to: * Tokyu Group, a group of companies centered on Tokyu Corporation ** Tokyu Corporation, a Japanese railway company, the largest member and parent company of the group ** Tokyu Car Corporation, a former Japanese railway vehicle m ...

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of To ...

, and cars 8 to 14 were built by

Kawasaki Heavy Industries (or simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese Public company, public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, Heavy equipment (construction), heavy equipment, aerospace and Military, defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headq ...

Kobe Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whic ...

. Following extensive test running, the set entered revenue service on the

between Tokyo and from the start of the revised timetable on 18 March 2007, used only on weekend services. From April, the set was taken out of service, and in October 2007, the seven Kawasaki-built cars were returned to their manufacturer for modifications, and in March 2008, the seven Tokyu Car cars were also returned to Tokyu Car for modifications. The set was returned to service on 23 December 2008. The set was removed from revenue service in May 2009, returning to service on 3 April 2010. It was subsequently removed from service again, and remained stored out of service at Shin-Narashino Depot from early 2011 before finally being hauled to Nagano Works in March 2014 for scrapping. File:E331 cars 1-7 Yamate 20060309.JPG, Cars 1 to 7 on delivery from Tokyu Car's Yokohama factory, March 2006 File:E331 Keiyo Line 20100627.jpg, The E331 series set in service on the Keiyo Line, June 2010 File:E331 Platform Sign.jpg, A sticker on the Keiyo Line platform at Tokyo Station marking the door position for E331 series trains, April 2008 File:E331 AK1 Kunitachi 20140325.JPG, The E331 series set being hauled to JR East's Nagano Works in March 2014

References

External links

* (JR East)
JR East E331 series
(Japan Railfan Magazine Online) {{JR East EMU Electric multiple units of Japan East Japan Railway Company Train-related introductions in 2007 Articulated passenger trains Experimental vehicles Tokyu Car multiple units Kawasaki multiple units 1500 V DC multiple units of Japan